Fig. 3

Taxonomic and functional profile of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and transporter proteins in free-living (FL) and marine snow-attached (MA) communities in the marine snow culture system. a Alpha diversity (Shannon index) of taxa and b functions of CAZymes and transporter proteins in free-living (FL) and marine snow-attached (MA) communities at both the gene and protein levels. F, significant difference in the FL fraction between the gene and protein levels (P < 0.01); M, significant difference in the MA fraction between the gene and protein levels (P < 0.01); D, significant difference in the metagenome between the FL and MA communities (P < 0.01); P, significant difference in the metaproteome between the FL and MA communities (P < 0.01). c Bray–Curtis dissimilarity in taxa and d functions of CAZymes and transporter proteins between the FL and MA communities at both the gene and protein levels. The boxes show the mean, median, and interquartile range (IQR); the whiskers show 1.5 times the IQR of the lower and upper quartiles or the data range. **P < 0.01. e Bar charts showing the taxonomic composition and relative abundance of CAZymes and f transporters at the phylum level (order level for Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and class level for other proteobacteria). g Stack bar charts showing the functional composition and relative abundance of CAZymes and h transporters. AA, auxiliary activity; CBM, carbohydrate-binding module; CE, carbohydrate esterase; GH, glycoside hydrolase; GT, glycosyl transferase. ABCT, ATP-binding cassette transporter; TBDT, TonB-dependent transporters; PTS, phosphotransferase system; TRAP-T, tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter. C, control community